Mary Cassatt

Mary Cassatt Mary Cassatt: Give me Pastels; Give me Gouache! ChaptersYoung Mary: Getting a Feel for ArtThe Life of an Artist in ParisOn the Quest for AcceptanceMary Cassatt, ImpressionistMary to the EndWhen one thinks of great art, French painting and anything from the Italian Renaissance period comes readily to mind.If one is inclined toward van Gogh â€" impressionist painting as well as expressionism, works by the likes of Paul Klee or Edvard Munch easily spring forth.Does one dare throw The Boating Party in the ‘great art’ mix? What about Mother and Child or In The Box?These and other great artworks by the American painter in Paris are often overlooked in favour of other, more renown tableaux. Mostly, the name Cassatt draws... at best puzzled stares, at worse, blank looks.The sad part is that that is the treatment Marie Cassatt suffered for just about her entire artistic career.Today, we put an end to that by understanding who that American woman with the French-sounding name was. Why was she so set on painting? Why couldn’t she see h erself marrying, settling down and raising children, as was expected of her?We look at the tender scenes she painted that belied her struggle for acceptance as an artist of merit. We uncover just how much she was willing to put on the line in the name of art and, in the end, how she was undone by a certain magnificent art installation.Superprof now presents Mary Cassatt. FernandoPainting Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EmmaPainting Teacher 5.00 (5) £75/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DavidPainting Teacher 4.75 (4) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NatashaPainting Teacher 5.00 (7) £37/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors StefaniaPainting Teacher 5.00 (4) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SakinaPainting Teacher 5.00 (1) £12/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LorrenPainting Teacher 5.00 (2) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Off2themoonholliePainting Teacher £8/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsYoung Mary: Getting a Feel for Art Mary often asked her neighbours in France to pose for her By Mary Cassatt via WikipediaMary was the second-born in a large, upper-class family living on the outskirts of Pittsburgh. When she entered the world on May 1844, her father was a successful stockbroker and land speculator.The family had a rather elevated pedigree; Dad was a descendant of the original Dutch settlers in Manhattan. Mum too came from a privileged background; she was well-read, with a taste for refinement.It was her mother who introduced her to art.She believed that proper education involved exposure to the wider world. Thus, she took her brood to the capitals of Europe: Berlin, Paris, London and Rome. Little Mary drank it all in, even learning to speak German and French.She also had her first art lessons â€" drawing and music, while in Europe.Before Mary was of school age, the family moved east, ultimately settling in Philadelphia, where she attended school.Upon completion of her compulsory education, Mary and h er father endured a lot of friction.Mary wanted to study art and her father could see no point in it. Her mother may have interceded on her behalf; at age 15, she was enroled in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.Her mother and certainly her father must have had reservations about their teen-aged daughter being exposed to feminist ideas and other vagaries that may corrupt her; they especially feared predatory males.Their fears were for nought. Although the student body was overwhelmingly male, those students nevertheless believed that women and men could create art equally well and should enjoy the same freedom to do so.Being exposed to such liberalism at such a tender age shaped Mary’s worldview. For her entire life, she and all of her classmates remained advocates of equal rights.While the temperament suited Mary well, she grew ever more frustrated with two aspects of her art studies:1. About 20% of the student body was female but, unlike her, they were only learning how to paint as a social skill; they did not have any intention of pursuing a career in art.2. Because she was most serious about her art, she was subjected to patronising attitudes from both her classmates and instructors.That last was most injurious and, added to her frustration with the slow pace of the instruction and gender-based restrictions such as being forbidden to work with male models, Mary soon found she had no choice but to set off on her own.By contrast, Artemisia Gentileschi had no such credibility problems!The Life of an Artist in ParisAs there would be no certificate or degree for all of the academic art she created, Mary again tussled with her family, finally wrangling permission to establish herself in Europe, to learn how to paint from the masters.So, she set off, at the age of 22, with a rotation of chaperones keeping her company.However progressive Mary thought the Paris art scene would be, she must have been sorely disappointed to learn that females were barred fr om the School of Fine Arts. Or maybe she was angry!Undeterred, she petitioned for private lessons with the art teachers. Finally, Jean-Leon Jerome, a painter and sculptor in his own right, agreed to take her on.He might have been surprised at her dedication to learning; not only did she attend every session without fail but, when not in the studio, she was haunting the Louvre, copying the original paintings hanging there.She may have been dismayed at the number of female artists in that art museum, all busily sketching, as she was. She soon discovered that it was quite common for a female artist to sell their sketches to tourists because of the many roadblocks to their being an artist.One such block for  women artists in Paris must have been that they were denied entry to the cafés where all of the great (male) painters tarried. Nevertheless, Marie met and built ties with some of the greatest names in western art: Edouard Manet, Auguste Renoir and, most importantly, Edgar Degas. Wi th him, she enjoyed a lifelong artistic partnership.Do you know who Frida Kahlo’s mentor was?And then, war broke out. Her early impressionist tableaux showed social scenes such as theater and carnivals Source: WikipediaAlso learn about Georgia O’Keeffe, another great American painter... In her later years as an artist, Mary depicted mainly maternal scenes Source: Mary Cassatt.org via WikipediaMary to the EndMary had decided, early in her career as an artist, that she would never marry. Not only was marriage incompatible with the life of an artist but she felt she simply did not have the temperament for it.Indeed, Mary could be ill-tempered, self-centred and narcissistic. Perhaps those traits are a job requirement for artists.Still, she painted scenes of motherhood with such tenderness and, one might think, so much longing that some say she enjoyed motherhood through her depictions.Still, if she missed being a mother or even being married, she gave no outward signs of it; she continued to travel and paint well into old age.At 74, on a journey through Egypt and, upon seeing the ancient works on display in their museum of art, she became so overwhelmed by their beauty and magnitude that her creativity was stifled, at least for a time.Finally, at 80 years old, she gave up painting â€" but only because she could no longer see and it pained her greatly to hold a brush. She lived another 12 years, tortured by the fact that she could not see her beautiful world, much less paint it.Mary Cassatt is but one of many famous female painters who gave up everything for art, making our world more beautiful in the process.

Federal Grants To Boost College Entrance Rates

Federal Grants To Boost College Entrance Rates How many college-bound students would like to have more financial support? Sounds pretty good right and not much of a catch. All you have to do is go to college to be eligible for funding from the Federal Government of the United States of America. This funding will be in the form of federal incentives (grants, funding, and financial aid), according to an article in the New York Times. The Obama administration is offering significant incentives in an effort to encourage people to go to college and earn a degree. It targeted college dropouts, asking them to go back and earn their degrees; then it targeted colleges, asking them to take individual measures to increase their enrollment; then it asked under-represented students. The government tried to make college more accessible to these groups and offered them significant funding. Now the Obama administration is begging all types of groups and students to go to college in efforts to add 8 million college graduates by 2020, to once again become the world leader in college graduates. The United States used to produce more college graduates than any other country; however, it now lags behind many foreign countries. Vice President Joe Biden announced in late March the governments plans to create a $20 million Comprehensive Grant Program for states that take steps to increase college graduates. However, the government will put even more dollars in education. It also proposed a $123 million First in the World program for colleges that keep tuition low, move students through college faster and produce more graduates along with $50 million in College Completion Incentive Grants that would reward states and schools that produce more college graduates. We all know that the best jobs and fastest-growing firms will gravitate to countries, communities and states with a highly qualified work force, said Secretary of Education Arne Dunca. To determine how much funding certain states receive, the Obama administration will calculate the states estimated share of the eight-million-graduate increase and consider its current college graduation statistics. Currently, only 28% of young adults in Arkansas, Nevada and New Mexico have college degrees, compared to more than 50% in the District of Columbia, Massachusetts and North Dakota. Essentially, the government is trying to make it easier for people to enroll in college. Its hoping to decrease the cost of college by keeping tuition costs relatively low, offering more funding to students and states and making it more accessible to people of all ages. Nearly three-quarters or young adults pursue some form of a postsecondary degree; however, fewer than half actually earn a degree or certificate within six years. For America to achieve its goal of ranking first in the world by 2020, every American would have to get at least one year of post-high-school education.